Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
İÇİNDEKİLERCONTENTS - Supplement 3,1996Preface Abstract 5 Ozone and other photochemical oxidants in ambient and indoor air - properties, sources and concentrations by J Sundell, A Zuber 5 Physical and chemical properties 5 Formation mechanisms of ozone and photochemical oxidants 7 Occurrence of ozone in urban and rural areas 7 Annual and daily variations 8 Episodes with high concentrations of ozone 8 Ozone background level 9 Relationship between short- and long-term averages 9 Ozone indoors 10 Indoor-outdoor relationships 11 Personal exposure 11 Indirect effects of indoor ozone 12 Some techniques to determine the concentration of ozone in ambient air 12 Wet-chemical techniques 12 Optical techniques 12 Ozone dosimeters 12 Current air quality guidelines and standards 12 World Health Organization 12 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 13 United States air quality standards 13 European Union 13 Sweden 13 Summary and concluding remarks 13 References 15 Absorption and metabolic fate of ozone - the molecular basis of ozone-induced toxicity by I A Cotgreave 15 Chemical relationships between ozone and reactive oxygen metabolites 16 Absorption of ozone into the lung 17 Reactivity of ozone with biological molecules 17 General reactivity with organic molecules 17 Reaction with biological antioxidants 18 Reaction with lipids 19 Reaction with proteins 20 Reactions with nucleic acids 21 Ozone-induced alterations to macromolecule structure and function and their influence on biochemical processes 21 Lipid-dependent processes 22 Protein-dependent processes 23 DNA-dependent processes 23 Summary and concluding remarks 24 References 52 52 53 53 53 56 56 56 57 57 58 58 58 60 61 61 61 61 62 62 64 64 64 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 67 67 68 72 72 73 73 73 73 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 29 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 33 33 34 34 36 38 38 39 42 42 42 42 42 42 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 49 49 52 52 52 Ozone-induced toxicity in experimental animals and isolated cell systems by IE Gustafsson, I Cotgreave Effects on respiratory system morphology Affected cells and sites Effects on lung morphology in primates Effects on morphology in other species Comparison between ozone and oxygen toxicity Summary Host defense mechanisms Mucociliary clearance Alveolar macrophages Immunologic mechanisms Interactions between infectious agents Effects on some cellular responses in vitro Summary Sensitization to allergens Effects on lung function Breathing pattern, airway resistance and lung compliance Airway responsiveness Summary Proinflammatory effects of ozone in animal models Inflammatory process, friend or foe? Ozone and pulmonary inflammation in animals Acute inflammatory responses to ozone Chronic inflammatory responses to ozone Summary Summary and concluding remarks References Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of ozone by K Victorin Genotoxic effects in vitro Reactions with DNA and RNA Genotoxic effects on microorganisms, plants and insects Cell cultures Cytogenetic effects Effects on DNA Cell transformation in vitro Summary Genotoxic effects in vivo Animal experiments Human exposure Summary Tumor induction Summary and concluding remarks References Controlled human studies of ozone exposure by G Bylin Lung function measurements Forced expiratory volume and vital capacity Airway resistance and lung volume Forced expiratory flow and the maximal expiratory flow-volume curve Breathing pattern and oxygen uptake Lung function after single exposure Effects of ozone on the lung function of normal subjects Reproducibility of ozone effects on lung function Age-dependency of ozone effects on lung function Effects of gender on ozone-involved effects on lung function Relationship between ozone dose and lung function change Relationship between ozone-induced symptoms and lung function change Effects of pharmacological agents on ozone-induced changes in lung functior Lung function in subjects with airway or heart disease Allergic rhinitis Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Ischemic heart disease Summary Lung function after repeated exposures Airway responsiveness Airway responsiveness in normal subjects Airway responsiveness in asthmatic subjects Summary Exercise performance Inflammatory reactions in the airways Inflammatory reactions in the bronchi Inflammatory reactions in the upper airways Host defense Host defense against virus Airway epithelial permeability Mucosiliary clearance Combination with other pollutants Effects of ozone mixed with other pollutants Effects of sequential exposure to ozone and other pollutants Effects of ozone in ambient air studied in mobile laboratories Summary and concluding remarks References Epidemiologic studies on ozone by F Nyberg, G Pershagen Symptoms and symptom exacerbation Symptoms in healthy subjects Studies on Los Angeles studen nurse • The Tuscon studies Other American studies 74 74 74 75 75 89 89 90 90 90 90 91 91 92 93 94 99 99 99 99 100 101 101 101 101 102 75 75 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 83 84 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 87 87 European studies Summer camp studies Exercise studies Symptoms exacerbation in subjects with respiratory disease Daily life studies on groups of asthmatics and respiratory disease patients Summer camp studies Summary Lung function in adults Daily life studies Summer camp studies Exercise studies Summary Lung function in children Daily life studies Summer camp studies Exercise studies Summary Hospital admissions and outpatient visits Hospital admissions Studies in the United States Studies in Canada Other studies Outpatient visits Children Adults Summary Daily mortality Miscellaneous health effects Athletic performance, school absenteeism and restricted activity or performance Miscellaneous biological effects Summary Effects of long-term exposure Studies of the University of California at Los Angeles Seventh-day Adventist studies Cross-sectional studies Summary Summary and concluding remarks References Health risk evaluation and recommended guideline values for ozone Summary and health risk evaluation Metabolism Animal studies Controlled human studies Epidemiologic studies Cancer Recommended guideline values Short-term exposure Long-term exposure  |
