Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
İÇİNDEKİLERCONTENTS - volume 26, suppl 1, 2000Preface Abbreviations 5 Particles in the ambient atmosphere Areskoug H 5 Physical and chemical characteristics 5 Particle-size distribution 6 Chemical composition 7 Particle size as a function of relative humidity 8 Measurementmethods 8 Gravimetric PMIO samplers 8 Direct-reading PM10 samplers 9 TEOM9sampler 9 Other particle-sampling methods 9 BS sampler 10 Coefficient of haze 10 Conversion to PM,0 from other particulate measures 10 Main sources of particulate matter 10 Naturalsources 11 Anthropogenic sources of primary particles 11 Emissions from mobile sources 12 Emissions from stationary combustion 13 Industrial processes 13 Dust from construction sources 13 Summary of emission estimates for primary particles 14 Sources of secondary particulate matter 14 Long-range transport 14 Ambient concentrations 14 Roof level (urban background) PM,0 concentrations 15 Street level PM10 concentrations 15 PM10and black smoke in northern Sweden 16 Comparison with guidelines and limit values 16 Rural background PM10 concentrations 16 Seasonal variation 16 Comparison with PM)0 concentrations in other countries 17 PM25 concentrations 17 Time trends of PM10 18 Futuretrends 18 Humanexposure 19 Ultrafine particles 20 Summary and concluding remarks 21 References CONTENTS (contunued from back cover) 23 Deposition and clearance of particles in the human lung 'Lastbom L, Camner P 23 Deposition 23 Tracheobronchial and bronchiolar clearance 23 Mucociliary clearance 24 Cough 25 Alveolar clearance 25 Summary and concluding remarks 26 Acknowledgments 26 References 28 Experimental studies on the effects of diesel exhaust emissions Sydbom A, Dahlen S-E 28 Inflammation in lung and airways 28 In vivo studies 28 Rat 29 Studies of developing lung in the rat 29 Studies in animals with experimental lung disease 30 Mouse 30 Guinea pig 30 Cat 30 Monkey 30 In vitro studies 31 Allergy, immunology and related mechanisms 31 In vivo studies 31 Humans 32 Rat and mouse 33 In vitro studies 33 Human cells 34 Rat 34 Rabbit 34 Cardiovascular effects 35 Summary and concluding remarks 36 Acknowledgments 36 References 39 Experimental studies on the effects of ultrafine particles Lastbom L. Camner P 39 Heated perfluoropolymers 40 Aggregates of ultrafine particles 41 Single ultrafine soluble particles 41 Summary and concluding remarks 41 Acknowledgments 42 References 43 Human experimental studies on the effects of inhaled particles Lastbom L, Camner P 43 Acid particles 43 Effects on lung function 43 Combined effect of acid aerosols and other pollutants 44 Effects on mucociliary clearance 44 Effects on bronchoalveolar lavage 44 Diesel and other vehicle exhaust 46 Number or mass as a dose measure 46 Summary and concluding remarks 47 Acknowledgments 47 References 49 Epidemiologic studies on the health effects of ambient paniculate air pollution Nyberg F. Pershagen G 50 Time-series studies of variations in mortality 54 Studies in the United States 55 Studies in Europe 55 Other studies 55 Methodological issues 60 Evaluation 60 Time-series studies of hospital admissions and outpatient visits 60 Hospital admissions 60 Studies in the United States 60 Studies in Canada 60 Studies in Europe 61 Outpatient visits 61 Evaluation 63 Lung function changes and respiratory symptoms 63 Lung function changes and symptoms in healthy children 63 Lung function 68 Symptoms 69 Lung function changes and symptoms in healthy adults 69 Lung function changes, symptoms and symptom exacerbation in subjects with respiratory disease 69 Lung function 70 Symptoms CONTENTS (contunued from page 96) 70 Evaluation 71 Miscellaneous health effects in relation to medium-term exposure 76 Evaluation 76 Health effects of long-term exposure 76 Cross-sectional studies 76 Mortality 76 Respiratory symptoms or disease 77 Lung function 78 Case-referent studies and cohort studies 79 Evaluation 80 Summary and concluding remarks 81 References 88 Appendix: Recalculation of regression estimates to a common metric 90 Health risk evaluation of particles in ambient air 90 Exposure 90 Sources and air concentrations 90 Deposition and clearance 91 Health effects 91 Short-term effects 91 Experimental studies 91 Epidemiology 92 Long-term effects 92 Animal experiments 92 Epidemiology 93 Evaluation 93 Quantitative risk assessment 94 Proposed health-based guideline 94 References  |
